How to Determine if a Business Is Wonderful or Sucks
- Oskar Volčanšek

- Aug 20, 2024
- 2 min read
Updated: Mar 29
There are three types of companies in investing, those that are wonderful, those that are mediocre, and those that "suck". We can make money on any of the three companies, but as Warren Buffet said:
"It's much better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than an fair company at a wonderful price."

But how do we determine whether a company is wonderful or "sucks" or somewhere in between
Revenue, profits, margins and free cash flow
The first indicator that shows us whether a company is doing well or badly is revenue, whether revenues are growing or falling, if they are falling, why are they falling. Because of less competitiveness? Or is it because the whole market is shrinking? A good example is the tobacco industry, where the market is becoming smaller and smaller, but revenues remain stable due to constant price increases. If revenue is growing, that's a good thing, as it shows that the company is able to stay competitive, but if it's falling, it could be a cause for concern.
The next indicator is profit or margin, a high net margin often means that a company has a greater advantage over the competition, because it has a better product that it can sell at a higher price or produce at a lower price.
Free cash flow is also extremely important, because what good are profits if they are only on paper. Free cash flow tells us how much money a company has available to invest, pay off debts, and pay dividends.
Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Return on equity and return on invested capital tell us how efficiently a company uses its money. The difference between ROE and ROIC is that only the company's equity (ROE = profits/equity) is taken into account in the calculation. In the case of ROIC, we also take into account indebtedness and dividends (ROIC= (profits- dividends)/(indebtedness + capital)).
The higher these two indicators, the better. Charlie Munger famously said:
"In the long run, it's hard for a stock to earn a much better return than the company it's based on.
If buy a company earns 6% of the capital in 40 years and you keep it for those 40 years, you will achieve nothing more than a 6% return – even if you originally buy it at a huge discount. Conversely, if a company earns 18% on capital invested in 20 or 30 years, you'll end up getting a top result, even if you pay a seemingly expensive price."
Imagine a company that has a return on invested capital, for example, of 2%, and borrowed money at a 5% interest rate, that is, the company is actually burning money.
Competition, MOAT(Competitive Advantage) pricing power
When evaluating a company, it is important to check how the company compares to its competitors. The key is to determine whether a company is gaining or losing market share.
A competitive advantage, also known as a "moat", is what allows a company to maintain its market position and successfully defend itself against the competition. A company with a strong "motto" can have unique products, a recognizable brand, patents, access to key resources or other assets that ensure its long-term competitiveness.
A good example of a competitive advantage or "moata" is Coca-Cola. If Coca-Cola were to raise prices by 10% tomorrow, people might be unhappy at first, but they would not stop drinking Coca-Cola. This example illustrates two things: the company's competitive advantage and its pricing power. Price power means that a company can raise prices to some extent without driving customers away. The better a company is, the more power it has to raise prices.
Balance sheet
It is important that the balance sheet of the company is healthy. Since this section deserves its own blog, I'm going to give you just two things here that you need to pay attention to. In the future, however, I will write another blog on the topic of what a healthy balance sheet looks like and what are the key red flags to look out for when reviewing it.
The current ratio tells us how well a company covers its short-term liabilities. It is calculated by dividing current assets by short-term liabilities. If this indicator is lower than 1, there is a risk that the company will not be able to meet its short-term liabilities.
However, the most important is the issue of the company's indebtedness and the degree of this indebtedness. Debt in itself is not a problem if the company generates a good return on debt. As I explained earlier, if a company has a return on invested capital, for example, 2%, and has borrowed money at a 5% interest rate, this means that the company is actually losing money.
Finish
To sum up, a wonderful company is one whose revenues are growing steadily, and with revenues, profits are also growing, and margins remain stable or even improve. It is also important that free cash flow matches profits, because we do not want profits that exist only on paper.
A wonderful company invests its capital well and this shows through a high return on equity and invested capital.
A company maintains its market share or even gains it, has something that protects it from competition, whether it's a brand, a name, a patent... The competitive advantage, however, allows the company to raise prices without angering customers.
And finally, a wonderful company is liquid and is able to settle its short-term obligations, but at the same time it is not over-indebted, and if it is, it must achieve a high return on the invested capital.
On the other hand, we have a company that sucks, the company's revenues are falling, and profits are falling with revenues, and worse still, margins are falling disproportionately. The company has free cash flow, which is much lower than profits, and therefore profits exist only on paper.
This type of company does not invest its capital well and has a low return on equity and invested capital or even brings a negative return.
A bad company loses market share and has nothing to protect it from competition, and it can't raise prices because it doesn't have a competitive advantage and customers would abandon it the moment it does.
In the end, the company finds it difficult to cover its short-term liabilities and is heavily indebted, and it is even worse when it generates a low return on invested capital that is lower than the interest rate on the loan.s
These are the differences between a wonderful company and one that sucks. You decide which one you would prefer to invest in.


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